Надо выполнить несколько заданий по английскому языку (2 курс)

THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
1. The economy comprises millions of people and thousands of firms as well as the government and local authorities, all taking decisions about prices and wages, what to buy, sell, produce, export, import and many other matters. All these organizations and the decisions they take play a prominent part in shaping the business environment in which firms exist and operate.
2. The economy is complicated and difficult to control and predict, but it is certainly important to all businesses. You should be aware that there are tunes when businesses and individuals have plenty of funds to spend and there are times when they have to cut back on their spending. This can have enormous implications for business as a whole.
3. When the economy is enjoying a boom, firms experience high sales and general prosperity. At such times, unemployment is low and many firms will be investing funds to enable them to produce more. They do this because consumers have plenty of money to spend and firms expect high sales. It naturally follows that the state of the economy is a major factor in the success of firms.
4. However, during periods when people have less to spend many firms face hard times as their sales fall. Thus, the economic environment alters as the economy moves into a recession. At that time, total spending declines as income falls and unemployment rises. Consumers will purchase cheaper items and cut expenditure on luxury items such as televisions and cars.
5. Changes in the state of the economy affect all types of business, though the extent to which they are affected varies. In the recession of the early 1990s the high street banks suffered badly. Profits declined and, in some cases, losses were incurred. This was because fewer people borrowed money from banks, thus denying them the opportunity to earn interest on loans, and a rising proportion of those who did borrow defaulted on repayment. These so-called "bad debts" cut profit margins substantially. Various forecasters reckoned that the National Westminster Bank's losses in the case of Robert Maxwell's collapsing business empire amounted to over £100 million.
6. No individual firm has the ability to control this aspect of its environment. Rather, His the outcome of the actions of all the groups who make up society as well as being influenced by the actions of foreigners with whom the nation has dealings.

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5. Выпишите все предложения с модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами и переведите их.

6. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты для следующих слов и словосочетаний и запишите их:

Сокращать расходы Иметь большое значения
Размеры прибыли Предметы роскоши
Переживать тяжелые времена Центральные банки
Доходы падают Общие расходы
Лишать возможности Иметь торговые (деловые) связи


7. Перепишите предложения, выделите в них сказуемое, определите время и залог.
Образец:
These indicators illustrate the state of the economy. (Present Indefinite Active Voice. Или настоящее простое, активный залог)

1. The economy comprises millions of people and thousands of firms.
2. When the economy is enjoying a boom, firms experience high sales and general prosperity.
3. Consumers will purchase cheaper items and cut expenditure on luxury items.
4. Profits declined and, in some cases, losses were incurred.
5. In the recession of the early 1990s the high street banks suffered badly.


8. Дополните предложения подходящими словами из текста и письменно переведите их:
1. The economy is complicated and difficult _________________.
2. When people have less ________ many firms face __________ as their ________.
3. Thus, the economic environment ______ as the economy moves into ___________.
4. So-called "bad debts" cut __________________ substantially.
5. It naturally _________ that the state of the economy is a __________ in the ________ of firms.

9. Найдите в тексте и запишите ответы на следующие вопросы, переведите ответы:
1. What organizations shape the economic environment?
2. What is a boom in the economy? What characterises the state of the economy at that time?
3. What happens when the economy moves into a recession?

10. Переведите письменно следующие предложения:
1. Состояние экономики имеет большое значение для успешной деятельности фирм.
2. Когда экономика находится на подъеме, общество переживает период всеобщего процветания.
3. В период упадка фирмы несут убытки.
4. Занимая деньги у банков, фирмы дают им возможность, получать процентный доход.
5. Результатом деятельности всех групп общества является формирование той экономической среды, в которой развивается бизнес.